-------------------------------------------
The case for “Subtle Energy” original Draft 1: 1/16/10
Rename: Subtle Energy
and Science
Updated 12/12/2010
“Try and penetrate with
our limited means the secrets of nature and you will find that, behind all the
discernible concatenations, there remains something subtle, intangible and
inexplicable.” - Albert Einstein [1]
Modern physics
recognizes four energetic forces: gravity and electromagnetism, which act over
macroscopic distances, and the strong and weak nuclear forces, which act within
the atomic nucleus.
Yet there is a
diversity of opinion within the western scientific community regarding the
nature of electromagnetism. A rich tradition of mavericks, highly qualified
scientists such as Alexander Gurwitsch, Harold
Saxton Burr, Herbert
Fröhlich, Robert O. Becker, and more recently Fritz-Albert Popp, Jacques Benveniste, Mae-Wan Ho, William Tiller, Cyril Smith, and Glen Rein have suggested
there is more to electromagnetism on the human scale than is presented in the
conventional literature.
This paper proposes to
assess the mainstream
scientific communities’ perspective on the nature of
electromagnetic energy and how this might be consistent with the development of
non-conventional scientific thinking.
Traditional Subtle Life Energies
The history of
human experience also recognizes energetic forces:
Common to
many of the world’s wisdom traditions is the idea of a spectrum of energies and
consciousness. [2] Ancient Indian Aurevedic tradition, over 5000 years
old, speaks of a universal energy called Prana, the breath of which gives all
living things life.
The human energy field, according to this tradition, includes an etheric, astral, causal, and spiritual body. A Chakra system is said to be a kind of transformer system which connects the human being to these energy bodies.
The Chinese, in the 3rd millennium BC posited the
existence of a vital energy they called Qi or Ch’i. This Qi is said to contain
two polar forces, yang and yin.[3]
Kabbalah, the Jewish mystical theosophy of 538 BC refers to Astral Light, which may manifest around people. [4]
A universal energy,
perceived as a luminous body, was first recorded in western literature by the
Pythagoreans about 500 BC. Paracelsus
called this energy “Illiaster”, and said it was composed of a vital force and
vital mater.
Early Western explorations into the Human Energy Field
In the 1800’s, Baron Karl von Reichenbach made a fortune in iron, steel and metallurgy. In 1839 he retired , devoting himself to scientific research. He accumulated an abundance of experimental evidence on a force he called Odyle or Od. This force was distinct from heat, electricity, and magnetism, and he believed it was the one recognized by the ancients. This force had polarity, and it could also be conducted by metals, glass, resin, silk, and water. [5]
In his early career a distinguished Freudian analyst,
Wilhelm Reich searched for physical evidence of the “life force”, (as he called it).
His research led him to announce that he had identified this universal energy,
which he called orgone, and that it could be accumulated in boxes made of
alternating layers of organic and inorganic materials. Peering into the
darkness within such boxes, a dull green dance of energy could be seen, moving
in characteristic spiral formations. When Reich claimed that this accumulated
orgone could be used for weather control and healing, he brought the full wrath
of orthodoxy down onto his head, and he died in an American jail in 1957. [6]
The Eeman relaxation circuit,
later called “biocircuit”[7],
was developed in the 1920s.
It consists of two units; each
unit consists of a copper handle attached to a copper screen by a length of
wire.
By laying flat on one’s back and
placing one screen under the pelvis, and holding the corresponding handle in
the right hand, and placing the second screen under the back of the head, and
holding the corresponding handle in the left hand, these units will facilitate
the flow of some form of energy within the human body. This energy will relax unblocked body tissue,
but will also be drawn to areas of residual muscular tension, which will then
tighten, so we become aware of these areas. This energy will then “work” on the
tight areas until
the tension has been completely released. The validity of the biocircuit is
slowly becoming professionally accepted. [8]
Since it matters which hand is connected by the
biocircuit to head or pelvis, this energy has polarity. It is also conducted by
silk, and is therefore similar to odyle energy described by Reichenbach.
Reich’s orgone enrgy was also conducted by silk, However, sources
apparently do not list polarity as a characteristic of orgone.
Eeman found that multiple people can be connected by a series of
biocircuits, and that drugs introduced into the biocircuit would effect all of those
present in the biocircuit. Peter Lindemann, who carried on biocircuit
research in the 1960s, concluded that “the relaxation
circuit must be able to carry detailed vibrational information”, and found
that the highly controversial radionics, now illegal in the
Biological based
Bioelectromagnetics: The Human Energy Field
The
effectiveness of electromagnetic treatment of certain conditions is well
established. Three types of electrical
stimulators were approved by the FDA in 1979 for treatment of certain types of
bone fractures. [10] The American Physical Therapy Association
acknowledges the use of Electromagnetic therapy for a number of conditions. [11]
Yet a distinction has been made between electrical
properties based on chemical reactions and based on intrinsic electromagnetic
properties. The former, the basis of our drug oriented western society, has
been in vogue for over two hundred years. However, this may change. Chemistry
alone cannot account for all observations.
The International Institute of Electro-Magnetic Biological
Stimulation Therapy notes: “Reputable medical and therapy Journals have
published peer-reviewed research articles that attest to the medical properties
of the various electromagnetic therapies. Yet some of the treatment
effectiveness mechanisms are little understood.” [12]
As early
as 1797, Alexander von Humboldt resolved a dispute between Luigi Galvani and
Alessandro Volta,
regarding the cause of frog legs response to electricity. He
showed that Galvani had discovered two separate mechanisms for the response:
bimetallic (ie chemical) generation of voltage, and intrinsic animal
electricity. However, according to Marco Bischof, experiments were performed in
the mid 1800s at
The founder of modern vitalism, German biologist and philosopher Hans
Driesch, first noted the field properties of organisms based on his experiments
with fertilized sea urchin eggs in 1892. Driesch came to believe in “entelechy”
as a vital force he considered to be undefinable in terms of physics and
chemistry.
In the early 1920s, Hans Spemann,
Alexander Gurwitsch and Paul Weiss independently postulated "morphogenetic
fields" to explain certain properties of developing organisms. [14] Gurwitsch postulated that
“mitogenetic radiation” from onion roots (now known as biophotonic emissions), might
regulate cell growth and differentiation. Such emissions were verified by other
researchers, but the suggestion that they might regulate anything was ignored.
In the US, work by Harold Saxton
Burr,
E. J. Lund, Robert O. Becker and others led to the conclusion
that organisms tend to express quasisystemic electric changes; ie not related
solely to chemistry, when perturbed, and, conversly, will tend toward wellness
either through endogenous repair currents or the application of equivalent
external currents. [15]
Burr was E. K. Hunt Professor of Anatomy at Yale University
School of Medicine. In 1932, his observations led him to propose the
"electro-dynamic theory of development." Burr's research contributed
to the electrical detection of cancer cells, experimental embryology,
neuroanatomy, and the regeneration and development of the nervous system. 1935 saw the publication of his general papers
(with F.S.C. Northrop) "The electro-dynamic theory of life" and (with
Elmer
Lund of
In his book The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life,[20] orthopedic surgeon Robert O. Becker [1923-2008] champions
the importance of vitalism; i.e. biologically based, as opposed to chemically
based electromagnetism. Based on his experimental work, he presents a number of
interesting hypotheses.
He notes that healing of fractures occurs in
presence of complex
electrical activity and suggests an invisible template must exist for limbs to
build themselves. He discovered that we appear
to have two nervous systems; a central nervous system (CNS) composed of nerves,
and a perineural nervous system (PNS), surrounding the nerves. Intermittent electrical impulses travel down
a nerve fiber, while a continuous DC electrical signal travels thru the nerve
sheath. In
the skin, there are direct nerve to epithelial cell
attachments called neuro-epidermal junctions (NEJs), which are crucial for
healing. Perineural
cells (the PNS) and NEJs make up the physical structures which guide the
healing properties inherent in DNA.
Becker found that measurable direct current (DC) voltage differences were associated with acupuncture points, that electrical energy flows through the Chinese meridians, and that the NEJ junctions connect to the meridians. It is these NEJs that create the minute direct current of injury required for healing.
Becker also concluded that bone is a semiconductor and piezoelectric; i.e.; it converts mechanical stress to electrical energy, and showed that a specific DC wave configuration corresponds to every act of consciousness, emotion, and intellect.
Psychophysiological
Coherence
The
Studies have found that sustained positive emotions are
associated with a distinct mode of functioning, called psychophysiological coherence,
in which the nervous system acts as a unified “antenna,” which is tuned to and
responds to the electromagnetic fields produced by the hearts of other
individuals.
Psychophysiological coherence implies brain and heart
coherence, and implies brain entrainment to the heart.
When the brain entrains to the heart waveform, an
electrocardiogram of the heart brain combination shows that the brain wave
patterns are, in fact, embedded within the larger field of the heart. The
timing of neuronal firing conveys several times more information than the brain
alone. The body’s immune system is
boosted, the effect of disorders are reduced, and
overall healing rates are enhanced.
When the heart is entrained to the brains waveform, the
heart begins to, over time, lose coherence. The more the heart entrains to the
brain, and the longer it does so, the less it displays a variable HRV, the less
fractal its processes are, and the more regular it is. Unhealthy emotional
states (major depression and panic disorders, for example) correlate with
reduction in HRV as well as reductions in the power spectral density of the
heart (power spectral density refers to the range and number of electromagnetic
waves produced by the heart).
To be healthy, the heart must remain
in a highly unstable state of dynamic equilibrium; the brain must entrain to
the heart.
Some sources state that the EM info-energy field of the heart
forms a torus shape of energy around the body. [21]
Most images show a torus with its central axis aligned vertically
along the spine. An actual HeartMath diagram shows that this field is actually
tilted by about 45 degrees.
Image from http://biomedme.com/biomed-articles/the-conscious-heart_4247.html
Sources also speak of this field
being “apparently holographic” in the sense
that “any point within the torus contains the information of the whole field.” [22]
“Geomagnetism”
Today’s science
recognizes geomagnetism, which is defined as
the effect of earth’s electromagnetic field. This field results from the
interaction of the magnetic core of the earth and the ionosphere, and varies as
the moon revolves around the earth, and as the earth revolves around the sun.
Without the effect of the solar
wind, which distorts its shape, the internal geomagnetic field observed near the earth’s surface would be poloidal; ie the lines of
force form parallel rings around a toroidal (donut) shape. The field in the
core, however, would also contain some lines of force that form a spiral or
helix around a toroidal (donut) shape. [23]
A “Torus” is simply a donut
shape, which may be of three types; ring, horn, or spindle. The shape of a torus may be of a
physical substance or of energy.
Image
from http://www.harmonicresolution.com/Toroidal%20Space.htm
The idea of a torus, describing the earth’s geomagnetic
field, came up in describing the electromagnetic field associated with the
heart. It will come up again in a discussion of a certain class of electrical coils.
Robert Becker [24]
describes briefly the dynamic scope of geomagnetic energies our earth is
enveloped in:
The earth's surface and the ionosphere
form a resonating cavity that produces low frequency pulsations called the
Schumann Resonance. This
is a set of spectrum peaks in the ELF portion of the Earth's
electromagnetic field spectrum. Schumann resonance is due to the space between
the surface of the Earth and the conductive ionosphere acting as a waveguide.
The limited dimensions of the earth cause this waveguide to act as a resonant
cavity for electromagnetic waves in the ELF band. The lowest-frequency (and
highest-intensity) mode of the Schumann resonance is at a frequency of
approximately 7.83 Hz. Detectable overtones extend upwards into the kilohertz
range.The phenomenon is named after physicist Winfried Otto Schumann who
predicted it mathematically in 1952. [25]
The nominal average frequencies observed are 7.8, with
harmonics at 14, 20, 26, 33, 39, and 45 Hz, with slight diurnal variation.
The Schumann resonance is imbedded in and effected by numerous natural energy transmissions, which
themselves may have further direct effects of the earth’s inhabitants.
Since the seventh overtone lies at
approximately 60 Hz, the cavity is also driven by the North American power
grid.
Solar Flares (and sunspots and
prominances) shower the earth and ionosphere with charged particles, causing
magnetic storms, with attendant effects of the Aurora Borealis and Austrialis
(Northern and Southern Lights)
Every lightning flash releases a burst of
radio energy which travel along the magnetic lines of
force and bounce back and forth beween north and south poles before fading out.
(Further, lightning flashes and storms are associated with only recently
discovered upper atmospheric phenomena such as "elves",
"sprites", and "jets".)
The earth surface and the Ionosphere act
as charged plates, building up an electro static potential of hundreds of
thousands of volts.
Large DC currents flow within the
Ionosphere and within the earth (telluric currents), which interact and form
additional electromagnetic fields.
The magnetic field of the sun is divided
from pole to pole in sections of opposite polarity so that every eight days a
new section effects the earth. The transition form one
to the next section induces several days of turbulence in the geomagnetic
field.
Effects of
Geomagnetism on Human Beings
Being electromagnetic in nature, biological organisms have
been shown to be sensitive to the complex processes of geomagnetism, or more
accurately, geoelectromagnetism. The extent of human sensitivity has not been
completely determined, however certain effects have
been documented.
It turns out that the alpha and theta brain waves or states
of all mammals are
entrained with the Schumann resonance, which
is important in synchronization of diurnal and ELF brain rhythms. In one experiment, student volunteers lived
for four weeks in a hermetically sealed environment that screened out magnetic
fields, specifically the 7.83 Hz frequency. These students started suffering
emotional distress and migraine headaches which were immediately cleared after
a brief exposure to 7.83 Hz. frequency. [26]
In the coherent heart/brain system of neurocardioligy,
since the heart and brain are entrained, the heart/brain system is also
entrained with the earth’s magnetic field through the Schumann resonance. Based on the findings of HeartMath, this
means a direct link between DNA and the geomagnetic energy field, which is in
turn linked to the sun and other celestial bodies.
Certain ancient
human sites, including ancient mounds, burial places, prehistoric standing stones, and old
churches, have been shown to have a relatively high
energy content. In 1978, Paul
Devereaux formed the "Dragon Project" To study "earth
energy" at sacred sites. The name was taken from a Chinese symbol for
terrestrial currents. Using scientific
monitoring, this project has concluded that the location of
stone circles in
Project researchers reported
unusual visions, which Devereaux speculates may have been caused by mild
hallucinations. He and his co-workers believe megalithic builders could sense
these energy fields, and co-located their building projects with them. [27]
Michael Persinger is a cognitive
neuroscience
researcher and professor at Laurentian University,
The US Geological Survey (USGS) recognizes earthquake lights to be a real phenomena, noting that most are white to bluish
flashes or glows lasting several seconds, are associated with moderate to large
earthquakes, and have been reported infrequently by observers since ancient
times. “A satisfactory theory
to explain EQL, however, has been elusive and is still not agreed upon.
Proposed mechanisms include piezoelectricity, frictional heating, exoelectron
emissions, sonoluminescence, phosphine gas emissions, and fluid injection
(electrokinetics), but the most recent theory suggests that EQL are caused by
separation of positive hole charge carriers that turn
rocks momentarily into p-type semiconductors” [29]
Interestingly, the latest biological/Human Energy Models
find that the human organism is actually a kind of complex semiconductor,
making it a quantum entity. [30]
In his book Earth Lights Revelation,
[31]
Paul Devereaux argues that earthquake lights represent a new
type of energy.
John Burke has argued that
humans were able to amplify the natural background electromagnetic energy
levels occurring at ancient sites. [32]
Natural radioactivity,
especially high concentrations of radon, also occurs at a number of sites. Ultrasound energies were detected at the RollRight Stones,
a megalithic site 20 miles NW of Oxford, England.
Devereaux also notes that it is
interesting that certain prehistoric mounds were also constructed from
alternating organic and inorganic layers, much like Reich's orgone
accumulators. [33]
The polarity of atmospheric ions has been shown to
correlate with human physical end emotional health. Negative ions are believed
to be healthful, because they facilitate oxygen absorption, while positive ions
are believed to be harmful.
Earth Energy Grid
Theory
A wide body of
literature exists on earth energy grid theory. This earth radiation is a theoretical geophysical phenomenon described
primarily by the German authors Manfred Curry and Ernst Hartmann. They both
describe a mystic force field (similar to Odic force, Mana, Qi) that covers the
earth at regular intervals and can be detected by dowsing using a divining rod.
It is not supposed to be detectable by common scientific instruments. Placing people or other living things in certain spots of
the earth radiation knots is believed to be beneficial/harmful
depending on radiation flow direction. It connects to the Gaia philosophy and
vitalist school and is very popular in certain New Age circles in Europe,
especially in
Closely related to the concepts
of the Curry and Hartmann grids is feng shui, the ancient Chinese skill of
keeping a balance of forces in the land. When building or planting, or altering
the landscape in any way, the traditional Chinese aim to balance the forces of
yin and yang, the two counter-balancing forces of the universe. For example,
hills and mountains are pictured as dragons, full of yin, while valleys are
seen as tigers, embodying the balancing yang force. [35]
The goal of the grids, as well as feng shui, is to access the “good” energy,
and avoid the “bad”.
Bill Becker and Bethe Hagens, building on the work of
Ivan P. Sanderson, developed a planetary grid system with the earth represented
by a 120 point polyhedron [the Unified Vector Geometry 120 Polyhedron] . Sanderson provided the baseline structure by locating vile
vortices, or areas of the Earth where mysterious disappearances, mechanical
failures and other anomalous phenomena were seen to occur. Dr. Lefors Clark has contributed to the
energetic interpretation of the map, introducing such concepts as the
"diamagnetic energy vortex". The creators of this map see it as
describing the "matrix of cosmic energy" that encircles the Earth. [36]
The Curry Hartmann grids, as well as the work of Becker and Hagens is typically labeled pseudoscience. However, science based facts appear to
support some of these notions. Some connect the energy associated with the
Curry-Hartmann lines
with the geomagnetic Schumann resonance and telluric currents, which are detectable by
scientific instruments. [37]
Further, there is some truth to “good” and
“bad” earth energy. Under ground water flow has been shown to be a potential
health issue. When water is forced under
hydrostatic pressure through tiny micro channels, an electric current is
generated due to the friction, pressure and ion content of the water. ” When
this flow is large, as in the case of underground aquifers, the current
produced may be large enough to produce Electromagnetic effects in structures
above, and health effects in the building inhabitants. [38]
In
1922 Alfred Watkins discovered what he perceived to be a linear alignment in
the position of ancient mounds, burial places, prehistoric standing stones, and
old churches. There had long been an
idea that there was some other significance to these “ley lines”; that perhaps
they were aligned with magnetic forces. [39]
Allegedly, some ley line points (ie, the
intersection of ley lines) possess higher magnetic energy than the average. [40] These intersections occur in all manner of
structures including megalithic stone sites, burial mounds, and churches. Thus,
via the research of Devereaux, this increase in magnetic energy could simply be
due to proximity of the structure to geological faulting. Further, the significance of the ley lines as
marking energy routes is severely challenged by the fact that the ley lines
themselves appear to be random. It has been found that 80 four point alignments
can be found in a set of 137 random points. [41]
Vector potential
Classical Maxwellian electromagnetic theory however, does not incorporate all of Maxwell’s
original thoughts on the subject. Maxwell admired Michael Faraday, and felt his concept of an
electrotonic state was worthy of study. With
the aid of work by George Green, William Thompson, and George Gabriel Stokes,
Maxwell found a mathematical expression that matched exactly Faraday’s concept.
He developed a physical interpretation: the angular momentum of a localized
electromagnetic field. Like a flywheel, the localized field would store energy,
reacting with a counterforce to resist any change in angular momentum. This
takes the form of an electromotive force which could drive a current.
In the Dynamical Theory Paper, Maxwell expressed his results in eight
equations for the electric and magnetic fields. Today’s
four canonical Maxwell’s equations omit electrostatic scalar potential, magnetic scalar
potential, and magnetic vector potential. [42]
Chen
Ning Yang, of the Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of New
York, confirms that Maxwell identified his vector potential with Faraday's
electrotonic state. He also notes that the vector and scalar potentials do have
measurable meaning in quantum mechanics, and should not be completely
eliminated.. [43]
This fact has been confirmed in other papers, including one from Caltech.
[44]
In 1959, Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm proposed that
a moving electron can have its phase altered by the vector potential
of the electromagnetic field of a nearby object, without actually
encountering the object or its magnetic field. Using an advanced form of
electron microscope, in several sets of tests, Akira Tonomura demonstrated conclusively in 1982 and 1986
that the Aharonov-Bohm
effect was real. “Physicists may differ in their interpretation of
the AB effect, but no one doubts its existence”. [45]
Gerhard W. Bruhn, Dep. of Mathematics, Darmstadt University of
Technology, has argued that vector potential cannot exist in the physical world, because its effects
cancel out. He argues that “The AB-effect does not depend on
"super world" properties of A that are not visible in the physical
world – the knowledge of H (the magnetic field) is sufficient.” (H
= curl A) [46]
Since vector
potential has a measurable meaning in quantum physics, and if, as some
scientists insist, macroscopic quantum systems exist in the form of biological
systems, perhaps vector potential has some validity in the macroscopic
biological world. Even if Bruhn is correct, that the vector potential cancels
out, the AB-effect is real in the quantum world, and possibly by extension, in
the macroscopic biological world. Could those researchers reporting the effects
of vector potential fields actually be observing a macroscopic AB-effect?
In the early 1990s, Cyril Smith experimentally
demonstrated that potential fields can produce
macroscopic effects by imprinting water with coherent information. [47]
Quantum
Biologist Glen Rein observes that Frolich,
Popp, and Smith in the 1980s demonstrated that EM fields emanating from the
human body are coherent in nature. Smith further demonstrated that the EM
fields in the body are quantized by demonstrating that biological systems are
sensitive to a single quanta of magnetic flux. Rein
reasonably suggests that biological systems are able to function at the quantum
level, and therefore biological systems will respond to potential fields, and
the action of the potential fields may occur through the quantum fields.[48]
According to Rein, real physical effects of classical potentials are not considered real
because classical potentials are not gauge invariant. This has caused several
responses from physicists: Some have modified Maxwell’s equations to produce
gauge independent potentials. New mathematical expressions can also be used to
describe potentials, which also describe energy fields with unique properties. A third approach has been to decompose
classical potentials into more fundamental components. Thus, classical
potentials can be further decomposed into “super-potentials” and super-fields”.
These are often used in supersymmetry field theories and string theories.
Super-potentials and super-fields have unusual global properties associated
with negative energy states of subatomic particles. [49]
Sorting out Glen Rein on “non-Maxwellian”
electromagnetism
Rein states that physicists are well
aware of macroscopic energy fields which are not explained by the classical
equations of Maxwellian electromagnetism or Schrodinger’s waves.
According to Rein, physicists today use the term
non-Maxwelian, non-Abelian and non-dispersive. He notes that classical EM fields have 1) their E and B vectors oriented
perpendicularly (orthogonal to one another) and 2) oscillate perpendicular to
the direction of propagation. Standing waves
may have both of these properties altered: Some standing waves have their E and
B vectors parallel, whereas others oscillate in the direction of
propagation. These later are called longitudinal waves.
Another type of standing wave is called “force-free,” since the Lorentz force
is zero. [50]
These are also called scalar waves, time reversed
waves, solitary waves, and tachyon energy.
Rein uses the inclusive term quantum potential field
to refer to any of these fields. “Quantum fields can …be considered a
scientific term for the more popular concept of subtle energy”.
Thus, Rein
reduces a bewildering diversity of electromagnetic fields to the quantum field.
In attempting to
sort out Glen Rein’s perspective, we can note the following:
The Schumann
resonance is a longitudinal standing wave. Lightning as well as the aurora and ionosphere form plasmas, and
plasma waves such as the aurora in the earth’s
magnetosphere may under certain circumstances be longitudinal. It has also been suggested
that the earth’s core may be plasma like. Are geomagnetic longitudinal waves,
which immerse the earth, the same as “scalar,” force-free, time reversed, and tachyon waves? [51]
Googling “non-Maxwellian”, one finds the term applied to electron and proton velocity
distribution functions in plasmas. “Non-Maxwellian plasmas” for example refers
to the particle velocity distribution in the magnetosphere.[52]
Plasma waves such as the
aurora in the earth’s magnetosphere are
longitudinal and exhibit
non-Maxwellian velocity distributions.
Force free magnetic field configurations are of fundamental interest in
plasma physics. In such situations the magnetic force (JxB) vanishes, implying
that the current J flows exactly along the magnetic field B. it is not know if
the ideal form exists, but the balance between magnetic and pressure forces
(JxB=delta p) is a well known concept of magneto hydrodynamic (MHD)
equilibrium. [53]
In a nondispersive wave medium, waves can propagate without deformation. Electromagnetic waves in unbounded free space are nondispersive as well as nondissipative and thus can propagate over astronomical distances. Most waves in material media are dispersive, however, and wave forms originally set up are bound to change in a manner that the wave energy is more spatially spread out or dispersed. [54]
In the presence of dispersion, wave velocity is no longer uniquely defined, giving rise to the distinction of phase velocity and group velocity. A well-known effect of phase velocity dispersion is the color dependence of light refraction that can be observed in prisims and rainbows.
Dispersion relations describe the interrelations of wave properties like wavelength, frequency, refraction index, and attenuation coefficient. There are also the overarching Kramers Kroning relations that connect the frequency dependences of propagation and attenuation. [55]
Reciprocity, a feature of the wave equation, says that if one has a solution to the wave equation, then the time reversal (using a negative time) of that solution is also a solution of the wave equation. This occurs because the standard wave equation only contains even order derivatives. Some media are not reciprocal (e.g. very lossy or noisy media), but many are approximately so, including sound waves in water or air, ultrasonic waves in human bodies, and electromagnetic waves in free space. Mainstream physics has applied reciprocity (time reversal technology) mostly to enhanced focusing of the media. [56]
Summarizing:
Longitudinal standing waves
occur in the earth’s geomagnetic field, in both plasmas and non-plasmas.
“non-Maxwellian” refers to velocity
distribution functions, not electromagnetism, although the electromagnetic
field might be effected.
Force free
magnetic fields are normally associated with plasmas.
Wave dispersion is
a common phenomenon and may occur in sound as well as in electromagnetism.
The notion of “time reversed waves” is based not on electromagnetism, but on the wave equation, and is applicable in sound as well as electromagnetism. It can be viewed as a form of signal processing.
Although there
is a field of “quantum plasma physics”, the above phenomena may occur in a
non-quantum environment.
“Quantum Fields” and beyond
We have seen that vector
potential, although not considered in classical electromagnetics, was indeed in
Maxwell’s original theory. Do other forms
of electromagnetism fail to conform to classical (four equation) Maxwellian
electromagnetic theory?
Glen Rein has noted that mobius and caduceus
electrical coils, which result in a canceling of the electromagnetic field,
result in local anomalies with respect to energy, temperature, inertia, mass and gravity
measurements. [57] He
notes the first application of self canceling coils was by Nikola Tesla, whose
magnifying transmitter used two spiral coils where the oscillations were phased
to generate opposing EM fields. [58]
Tesla demonstrated that such coils could transmit energy over long distances
without losses. [59] Tesla
used the term non-Hertzian to describe this new energy field because it did not
behave according to standard Maxwellian EM theory.
Rein showed that water
treated with a variety of self canceling coils shows altered absorption of UV
light. (Rein 1992). A bifilar coil, using more simplified geometric windings,
was used to determine the relative roles of quantum, vector potential, (A), and
EM (B) fields. William Tiller of Stanford provided calculations for the
strength of the magnetic (B) and vector potential (A) fields. Both were found to
be very small. 10-12 for B and 10-14 for A. the primary field
present then, was the quantum field; that is, whatever is left after classical
magnetic and potential fields are subtracted out. In spite of this, this
bifilar coil produced a small increase in UV absorption, and from this Rein
concludes that quantum fields exist, are distinct
from B (EM) and A (potential) fields, and are able to
induce a measurable macroscopic effect on water. [60]
The idea of quantum potential was introduced by Bohm in conjunction with
Schrodinger’s wave equation. [61]
Rein believes that potential fields may be considered a bridge between quantum and EM fields. Quantum fields are similar to those described in quantum field theory, and by David Bohm’s “subtle information fields”. Classical EM fields exist at the level of Bohm’s explicate order, which has imbedded within it the potential field, which in turn has imbedded within it the quantum field. According to Bohm the implicate order is composed of a series of levels, each imbedded within the next, where each level is increasingly more subtle and fundamental. If one adds to this model the quantum physics of hyperspace, eventually a subtle level will be reached which is higher dimensional. These could correspond to the multiple subtle energy levels of the human chakra system; etheric, astral, etc.
Rein assumes the quantum field exists in this higher
dimensional level, and proposes that healing information originates at the most
fundamental level in the implicate order, that of spirit.
Using an electrical coil, William Hooper claimed to
have identified some fundamental qualitative differences between types of
electric fields distinguished by their origin. He patented a “motional
electromagnetic field” which has allegedly been shown to be unshieldable. [62]
Lightning as well as the aurora and
ionosphere form plasmas, [63]
and plasma waves such as the aurora in the
earth’s magnetosphere may under certain circumstances be longitudinal. [64]
It has also been
suggested that the earth’s core may be plasma like. [65]
Dr. William Tiller finds that human consciousness can
generate a physical space "conditioned" by subtle energy, that this subtle energy is related to the magnetic vector
potential of classical electrodynamics, and that this subtle energy may
result in psi phenomena. The conditioned space effects material
properties globally , throughout the room, resulting
in oscillations in air and water temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity
of water. All exhibit the same Fourier spectral components and are in the
frequency range from 10-2 to 10-3 hz. [66]
This supports Rein’s observations of anomalies in physical properties
associated with certain coils.
Ken Wilber sees the quantum vacuum as prana, which
gives rise to matter. He believes David Bohm’s concept of a single implicate
and single explicate order was too simplistic. For Wilber Prana is implicate to
gross matter; etheric is implicate to
prana; astral is implicate to etheric, etc. According to
Wilber, Bohm later added several epicycle orders to his theory, including
“super-implicate” and “beyond super-implicate” orders, supposedly all based on
physics. [67] He also believes that the etheric, astral,
and psychic fields are part of the manifest realm, as is the quantum vacuum
(prana) and so they are the proper object of study of science (as “subtle
energies). [68]
Bohm’s implicate-explicate order somewhat
corresponds to a spectrum of subtle
energies, though for Wilber Prana is implicate to matter while for Rein,
potential fields are implicate to the explicate electromagnetic field, in a
nested series of “subtle energies.”
Higher dimensional energy
fields have been characterized by Rauscher as being complex; ie; they have a
real and imaginary component. (Rauscher, 1968). Seiki also used the concept of complex
numbers in describing the imaginary components of quantum fields generated from
mobius coils. (Seiki, 1990). Imaginary particles are a
part of quantum physics according to Dirac, although the energy fields
associated with such particles is not part of mainstream quantum physics. [69]
Torsion fields
“Torsion fields” have been studied by several groups
of Russian scientists for at least three decades and most of that time in
secret. What are torsion fields? According to A. Akimov, these fields come in
at least three types: E-fields, S-fields, and G-fields. The E, S, and G stand
for Electric, Spin, and Gravity fields. The torsion field,
apparently related to the quantum vacuum (?) and its emanations are considered
subtle energy fields. They are separate and distinct from classical Electric,
Magnetic, and Gravity fields. [70]
Summary and
questions
Maxwell’s Classical equations of
electromagnetism omit electrostatic scalar potential, magnetic scalar potential,
and magnetic vector potential. They thus do not represent nature’s
electromagnetism.
Classical Potentials as well as “quantum
fields” can produce macroscopic effects on water.
Electromagnetism
can be produced artificially (in coils) in a number of different forms. Do
these artificially produced forms occur in nature?
Geomagnetism
associated with plasma formations, such as the aurora and lightning, appear to be non Classical. Are
other forms of geomagnetism also non classical?
Are such non-classical phenomenon ‘quantum” by default? Are there forms of subtle energy which are non-quantum, either in
the earth’s geomagnetic field or elsewhere?
The human temporal lobes appear to be
selectively sensitive to
“electromagnetism”. Could they be selectively sensitive to
potentials and quantum fields, as well as alternative forms of
electromagnetism?
potentials and quantum fields, as well as alternative forms of
electromagnetism could be considered a form of “subtle energy.”
Bohm’s implicate-explicate order somewhat
corresponds to a spectrum of subtle
energies, though for Wilber Prana is implicate to matter while for Rein,
potential fields are implicate to the explicate electromagnetic field, in a
nested series of “subtle energies.”
Appendix
Qi fields
From the book Subtle Energy by John Davidson
[CW Daniel Company 1988]p. 92:
Ball Lightning and Particle Spin: The research of Dr. Geert Dijkhuis, director
of a